??
???????è°???…??§??‰§—???è???‰?…¨é?¨???‘°‰??é?è??‰§?è?·é???è‰???°?è????è???é?¨°?è???”???–”?è§?è??‰§????“?—??‘‰§’??°?è¤é”???é?…è??è???‰§???èè?°±?????°?è??é?‰??…???‰§???–??°?è?角è‰??–”±??‘‰???”???‰????¤§?¨è??é???‰§???‘?°±??è???…??§?‘??
??‘???‰§???‰??…???è?¨è???–??–??°?¤§?è?è?±?é??è???§???°??‰·???—?·–?¨è??‘?°éè·???–??°??°?·???—¤??’è?·?”??è???‰§—??°±???–??°????è?°?·?°?è·??°?·???—è????è·?è?°???—–??°é?’?????°°±è???’????è???…?°???è?????‘???è???‘è???’??????–??°???‘????è??é??è????è???è????¤???¤?????–??°???·±??…???è??è???é????‘è°è???‰¨??é??”±è???°è??è???–?‰???????‰??’??‰?–?è??è???‰è???‰?è?‘è??‰?????‰
????‘è???·±?”?”???‰§·?¤???é????‰§???–??°?—§?—è???°”?‘?–±??????¤??è???‰§?°?é?…‘è???¨?‘è?‘??·??°?–??è±????¤???è?¤‰??·§??騧…±?§?‰????è???·??‘§???”±??–???¤§?è?°???‘??–???è???é—???°°‘é—?è???…§?’??–?è‰???”¨??è???°””±??§?è?±?”±è?·?è???—???‰?è??é??é???¤?è??¨?‰??é?è‘???‰???è?é???–‰??·??????‘??¨è?—??°±?è???·±??é?é’‰??‰???é???–‰?‰????è?é??è???·é¨è?°???é???°?è?°”???è?è???”¨???
????è?‘???…??§???¨’???è???¤???é??è¨?‰§°???é??‰?°???è???·±?±?é???é??è??è???·??‰??‰?‰§?°±?‰è?é?…?è‰???è§???—??§?”??…±??…??è艓???”è?·??°??¨”¨??è…???è?¤§???è?é?è?“?è??—è?·è‰?¨??‰—???”???é??”??‘???è??‰???…???“????“??°?”?‘è???角è‰??¤§?°???¤??°‘???¤???¨é???¤?é???‰?·é…·??“?è?°??—?…‰??é?¨?—?”?è§??‰§????—?????é”??‰§???è?‘??’‰§?¤??角?°???”?‘??¨???è??é?¨?‰§???è???¨é???¤§?°?”????”??°??¤“”?è§??‰§è????è??é?¨?”?è§??‰§??è…???—è???·±??–?‰§??“???è???…??”?è??è?è‰?è§?角è???°?§?????°±???èè??°??”???“é?¤§??°??è?”…§??è???¨???…??§?‘???°??‰·???—?·?—?·??°?èè??è?±é?è‰è??é??°‘é???°‘??—???é???§??°”¨??‘‘¨—è‘???è???°??è“é°???§???°–???–¨‘??’?é—?°??‰??è?”?°”??‰???é—?¤?“?é??‘?‘??°èé—??‘°±??é??·??
??‘?è???¨?‘??‰?—?觉??—?‰???”?¤§???…??·?“?????¨??°?‘—?è??觉??°???¤§?§????·?‰???é—?‰???”??”?‘??‰??…??…§?????è??èè…??°?–?‰??‘è??±??????é???è??è§??°??§?????…??§???‰§”?‘?¨‘é—?é???…·±????è??¤???—é??è??¤§???è¨?—???…??…??…??è???§?èè???…??°??¤§¨??????°”‘???“??±?¤??—…???¤??é???è??–??¤??—?‘?¨??—??è±???é—?è???¤????‘è“??·?è????è???‘?è???°±??§?è??觉é??—?????‘?‰???è?角è‰?””¨??‘…è??è??è?????角è‰????é?è??¤§‰è‘??“?‘??…??·è?è????§???‰?¨?¤§??°‘???—?¤??—?°?¤§??¨??‰??¤§—é?–??°‰è??¤§???
?????…??§????‰??‘¨?”?è§?‰?…¨???è§???——??°??¤??é?¨?°???è?°?è???艓?…·?”??‘???§???¤???‰??‰?¤§?°??…??”±è??§é???”????è‰??‰??è?‘è?è‰?·¤?????‘?????…??§?‘è???‘?‰???”???–??°???¨?‰§???¤§é…?角¨è?角è‰??‘éè???¨‰—???é—?è§???‘?‘?·±è—???¨?è???·±??–???…??‘é??‘??·?°??¤?‘?è???·±?è??……???–??°”“?2025???2???20?—·è…
?????–??±?2025???3???5?—?08?‰???‰

(作者为中国人民大学文学院教授)
【注:本文系教育部人文社会科学研究一般项目“乾嘉笔记叙录与整理研究”(项目编号:19YJA751039)阶段性成果】
责编/韩拓 美编/考考考
声明:本文为人民论坛杂志社原创内容,任何单位或个人转载请回复本微信号获得授权,转载时务必标明来源及作者,否则追究法律责任。